Acyclovir is a medication used to manage and treat infections caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). It is FDA approved to treat genital herpes and HSV encephalitis. Some off-label uses include cold sores, shingles, and chickenpox. It is in the antiviral class of medications. **

Adenosine has uses as both a diagnostic or therapeutic agent. As a diagnostic agent, adenosine can be utilized in myocardial perfusion stress imaging due to its vasodilatory effects. As a therapeutic agent, adenosine can be used due to its antiarrhythmic properties in supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). **

Albuterol is a medication used to treat and prevent bronchospasm in patients with reversible obstructive airway disease. It is also used to prevent exercise-induced bronchospasm. Albuterol is in the bronchodilator class of drugs and works by relaxing the muscles in the airways to improve breathing.*

Aluminum is an element commonly used in various medical treatments, including as an adjuvant in vaccines and in antacids to reduce stomach acid. It is analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES).*

Amiodarone is one of the most commonly used anti-arrhythmic drugs. While the United States FDA has labeled amiodarone for the treatment of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, the drug is commonly used off-label to treat supraventricular tachyarrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation as well as for the prevention of ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VTs) in high-risk patients. **

Dextroamphetamine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and an amphetamine enantiomer[note 1] that is prescribed for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy.[1][17] It is also used as an athletic performance and cognitive enhancer, and recreationally as an aphrodisiac and euphoriant. ***

Anastrozole is a medication used to treat breast cancer in women who have gone through menopause. It works by decreasing the amount of estrogen the body makes, which helps slow or reverse the growth of breast cancers.*

Articaine is an intermediate-potency, short-acting amide local anesthetic with a fast metabolism due to an ester group in its structure. It is effective with local infiltration or peripheral nerve block in dentistry, when administered as a spinal, epidural, ocular, or regional nerve block, or when injected intravenously for regional anesthesia. In comparative trials, its clinical effects were not generally significantly different from those of other short-acting local anesthetics like lidocaine, prilocaine, and chloroprocaine, and there is no conclusive evidence demonstrating above-average neurotoxicity. Articaine proved to be suitable and safe for procedures requiring a short duration of action in which a fast onset of anesthesia is desired, eg, dental procedures and ambulatory spinal anesthesia, in normal and in special populations.**

Atipamezole is a medication used to reverse the effects of certain sedatives in animals. It works by blocking the alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, which reverses sedation and analgesia caused by these drugs.*

Atropine or atropine sulfate carries FDA indications for anti-sialagogue/anti-vagal effect, organophosphate/muscarinic poisoning, and bradycardia. Atropine acts as a competitive, reversible antagonist of muscarinic receptors: an anticholinergic drug. **

Avastin, also known as Bevacizumab, is a medication used to treat various types of cancer by inhibiting the growth of blood vessels that feed tumors. It is an angiogenesis inhibitor and is often used in combination with other cancer treatments.*

Baclofen is used to treat muscle spasticity; it is FDA-approved for managing reversible spasticity, particularly for the relief of flexor spasms, clonus, and concomitant pain, common sequelae of spinal cord lesions, and multiple sclerosis. Baclofen also has several off-label uses. **

Benzalkonium chlorides (BACs) are chemicals with widespread applications due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This review provides an overview of the market for BACs, as well as regulatory measures and available data on safety, toxicity, and environmental contamination. We focus on the effect of frequent exposure of microbial communities to BACs and the potential for cross-resistant phenotypes to emerge. Toward this goal, we review BAC concentrations in consumer products, their correlation with the emergence of tolerance in microbial populations, and the associated risk potential. Our analysis suggests that the ubiquitous and frequent use of BACs in commercial products can generate selective environments that favor microbial phenotypes potentially cross-resistant to a variety of compounds. An analysis of benefits versus risks should be the guidepost for regulatory actions regarding compounds such as BACs.**

Benzethonium chloride is a (synthetic) quaternary ammonium salt that is benzyldimethylamine in which the nitrogen is quaternised by a 2-{2-[p-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenoxy]ethoxy}ethyl group, with chloride as the counter-ion. An antiseptic and disinfectant, it is active against a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungi, moulds and viruses. It has a role as an antiseptic drug, a disinfectant, an antibacterial agent, an antiviral agent and an antifungal agent. It is a quaternary ammonium salt, a chloride salt and an aromatic ether. **

Benzyl alcohol appears as a clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. Slightly denser than water. Flash point 194°F. Boiling point 401°F. Contact may irritate skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. May be slightly toxic by ingestion. Used to make other chemicals.**

Bevacizumab is used to treat a certain type of brain tumor, and certain types of cancers of the kidney, liver, lung, colon, rectum, cervix, ovary, or fallopian tube. Bevacizumab is also used to treat cancer of the membrane lining the internal organs in your abdomen. It is usually given as part of a combination of cancer medicines.*

Bromfenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for ophthalmic use. Ophthalmic NSAIDs are becoming a cornerstone for the management of ocular pain and inflammation. Their well-characterized anti-inflammatory activity, analgesic property, and established safety record have also made NSAIDs an important tool for optimizing surgical outcomes. Non-ophthalmic formulations of bromfenac were withdrawn in the US in 1998 due to cases of severe liver toxicity.****

Bumetanide is a loop diuretic used to treat swelling and fluid retention (edema) caused by congestive heart failure, liver disease, and kidney disease. It works by causing the kidneys to get rid of unneeded water and salt from the body through the urine.*

Bupivacaine is a potent local anesthetic with unique characteristics from the amide group of local anesthetics. Local anesthetics are used in regional anesthesia, epidural anesthesia, spinal anesthesia, and local infiltration. Local anesthetics generally block the generation of the action potential in nerve cells by increasing the threshold for electrical excitation.**

Butorphanol is an opioid agonist-antagonist used to treat moderate to severe pain.****

Cyanocobalamin is a man-made form of vitamin B12 used to treat and prevent vitamin B12 deficiency. It is essential for the health of blood cells and nerves and plays a critical role in DNA synthesis.*

Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressive medication used to prevent organ rejection in transplant patients and to treat certain autoimmune diseases. It works by decreasing the activity of the immune system to prevent it from attacking the transplanted organ or its own tissues.*